In this tutorials we will read about what operations can be perform in the python. You may consider operators as worker who perform some task.
Types of Operator
Python language supports the following types of operators.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Comparison (Relational) Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Logical Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
Let us have a look on all operators one by one.
1) Arithmetic Operators:
Arithmetic operators are your maths operators. These are +, -, *, **, / , % and //.
Example:
a = 4 + 5 # + is an arithmetic operator
'**' is exponent operator. '//' operator returns the quotient after dividing the number. Example:
- >>> 2**3
- 8
- >>> 3**2
- 9
- >>> 5.0 // 2.0
- 2.0
- >>> 5 // 2
- 2
Note: there is a difference between ‘/’ and ‘%’ operator. ‘/’ is divide operator while % is modulus operator. '/' performs different work in python 2 and python 3.
Python 2:
Example: 8 / 5 = 1 ( 8 = 5*1 + 3) while 8 % 5 = 3 ( 3 is reminder)
Python 3:
Example: 8 / 5 = 1.6 while 8 % 5 = 3 ( 3 is reminder)
2) Assignment Operators:
Assignment operator assigns values to variables. Assignment operators are:
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simple we are giving a value to variable | x = y + z |
| += | add y into x and give result to x | x += y is equivalent to x = x + y |
| -= | subtract y from x and give result to x | x -= y is equivalent to x = x - y |
| *= | multiply y with x and give result to x | x *= y is equivalent to x = x * y |
| /= | divide x by y and give result to x | x /= y is equivalent to x = x / y |
| %= | take modulo of x and give result to x | x %= y is equivalent to x = x % y |
| **= | rise y power of x and give result to x | x **= y is equivalent to x = x ** y |
| //= | floor division of x by y and give result to x | x //= y is equivalent to x = x // y |
Examples:
- >>> a = 4
- >>> print(a)
- 4
- >>> a += 5
- >>> print(a)
- 9
- >>> a -= 2
- >>> print(a)
- 7
- >>> a *= 6
- >>> print(a)
- 42
- >>> a /= 5
- >>> print(a)
- 8.4
- >>> b = 14
- >>> b % 3
- 2
- >>> b %= 3
- >>> print(b)
- 2
- >>> b **= 3
- >>> print(b)
- 8
- >>> b //= 5
- >>> print(b)
- 1
NOTE: In python 2, you will get result equal to 8 instead of 8.4 in line 15.
3) Comparison Operators:
Comparison operators are used to compare one operand to another. These compares two operands and return true if comparison is right otherwise false.
| Operators | Descriptors |
| == | both are equal |
| != | both are not equal |
| < | left is smaller |
| > | right is smaller |
| <= | left is smaller or equal |
| >= | right is smaller or equal |
| <> | similar to != |
3) Bitwise Operators:
Bitwise operators performs operations on individual bits in an integer. Bitwise operators are & (and), | (or), << (left sift) , >> (right sift), ^ (XOR) and ~ (NOR).
Example: 14 & 3 = 2 (00001110 & 00000011 = 00000010 these numbers are in binary).
4) Logical Operators:
Logical operators are similar to 'and' and 'or' logical gates. You can use 'or' and 'and' for these gates.
- >>> 2 and 2
- 2
- >>> 2 and 3
- 3
- >>> 2 and 0
- 0
- >>> 0 and 3
- 0
- >>> 2 or 3
- 2
- >>> 3 or 2
- 3
- >>> 0 or 2
- 2
- >>> 2 or 0
- 2
5) Membership Operators:
There are two member operators 'in' and 'not in'. These are to check if a variable is present in a sequence, such as strings, lists, or tuples.
- >>> sequence = [2, 2.3, 'name', 'harish', 'number']
- >>> 2 in sequence
- True
- >>> 3 in sequence
- False
- >>> a = 'string'
- >>> 't' in a
- True
- >>> 'p' in a
- False
- >>> 'p' not in a
- True
6) Identity Operators:
There are two identity operators 'is' and 'is not'. These are to check if both objects are identical or not.
- >>> a = 12
- >>> b = 12
- >>> a is b
- True
- >>> b is a
- True
- >>> a is 12
- True
- >>> b = 13
- >>> a is b
- False
- >>> b is 13
- True
- >>> 12 is 12
- True
- >>> 12 is not 13
- True
In the next tutorial we will read about Decision Making Statements, i.e., if and if else statements.
